Sivapithecus is represented by 3 distinct species stemming from the Siwalki hills of India and Pakistan.  This genus is argued by many researchers to be a direct ancestor of the orangutan.    Shared cranial morphological characteristics between Sivapithecus and Pongo are:  long and narrow orbitals that are separated by a tall narrow septum, the premaxilla is convex whereas the remaining face is concave, and thickly enameled molars (Stanford, et al.).  According to Begun, “Sivapithecus has thickly enameled molars, robust jaws, suspensory adaptations, and large brains.  This genus is closely related to living hominids, shares ancestry with Gigantopithecus and Lufengpithecus, and is a possible sister clade to Pongo.”