Acknowledgements & References

Extinct Apes

Begun, David R. (2005). “Sivapithecus is east and Dryopithecus is west, and never the twain shall meet,” Anthropological Science. V.113.
Benefit, Brenda R. and McCrossin, Monte L. 1991. “Ancestral Facial Morphology of Old World Higher Primates,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. Vol. 88, p. 5267-5271.
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Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Jolly, Dominique; Benammi, Mouloud; Tafforeau, Paul; Duzer, Danielle; Moussa, Issam; & Jaeger, Jean-Jacques. (2003). “A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins,” Nature v. 422: 61 – 65.
Fuentes, Augustin. (2007). Core Concepts in Biological Anthropology. New York, NY. Mcgraw Hill.
Gebo, Daniel L.; Maclatchy, Laura; Kityo, Robert; Deino, Alan; Kingston, John; Pillbeam, David. (1997). “A Hominoid Genus from the Early Miocene of Uganda,” Science v.276.
Hartwig, Walter C. 2002. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge. The University Press.
Jones, Steve; Martin, Robert; Pilbeam, David. (1992). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge. The University Press.
Kohler, Meike and Moya-Sola, Salvador. (1997). “Ape-like or hominid-like? The positional behavior of Oreopithecus,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. v.94: 11747 – 11750.
McCrossin, Monte L. and Benefit, Brenda R. (1993). “Recently recovered Kenyapithecus mandible and its implications for great ape and human origins,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. v.90.
Murdock, Matthew. (2003). “P. africanus: an examination of its anatomy and evidence for its extinction in a post flood world,” TJ – an in depth Journal of Creationism v17 (2).
Moya-Sola, Salvator and Kohler, Meike. (1993). “Recent discoveries of Dryopithecus shed new life on evolution of great apes,” Nature v.365.
Moya-Sola, Salvator and Kohler, Meike. (1996). “A Dryopithecus skeleton and the origin of great ape locomotion,” Nature v.379
Moya-Sola, Salvador, Kohler, Meike, and Rook Lorenzo. (1999). “Evidence of hominid-like precision grip capability in the Miocene ape Oreopithecus,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. v.96: 313 – 317.
Nakatsukasa, Masato; Ward, Carol V.; Walker, Alan; Teaford, Mark F.; Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Ogihara, Naomichi. (2004). “Tail Loss in Proconsul,” Journal of Human Evolution v.46.
Pilbeam, David. 1970. “Gigantopithecus and the Origins of the Hominidae,” Nature v.225: 516 – 519.
Rook Lorenzo, Bondiola, Luca, Kohler, Meike, Moya-Sola, Salvador, and Macchiarelli, Roberto. (1999). “Oreopithecus was a bipedal ape after all: Evidence from the iliac cancellous architecture,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U.S.A. v.96: 8795 – 8799.
Hartwig, Walter C. 2002. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge. The University Press.
Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Ratanasthien, Benjavun; Nakaya, Hideo; Saegusa, Haruo; Nagaoka, Shinji; Suganuma, Yusuke; Fukuchi, Akira; Udomkan, Bantita. (2006). “An additional specimen of a large-bodied Miocene hominoid from Chiang Muan, northern Thailand,” Nature v.46: 65 – 69.
Pilbeam, David. 1970. “Gigantopithecus and the Origins of the Hominidae,” Nature v.225: 516 – 519.
Ward, Steve; Brown Barbara; Hill, Andrew; Kelley, Jay; Downs, Hill. (1999). “Equatorius: A New Hominoid Genus from the middle Miocene of Kenya,” Science v. 285.

Extant Apes

Baker, Kate C. (2000). “Advanced Age Influences on Chimpanzee Behavior in Small Social Groups,” Zoo Biology. V.19: 111 – 119.
Brockelman, Warren Y., Reichard, Urlich, Treesucon, Uthai, Raemakers, Jeremy J. (1998). “Dispersal, Pair Formation, & Social Structure in Gibbons (Hylobates lar),” Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology v.42: 329 – 339.
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Galdikas, Birute M. F. (1985). “Orangutan Sociality at Tanjung Putting,” American Journal of Primatology v.9: 101 – 119.
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Strier, Karen B. (2007). Primate Behavioral Ecology. Boston, MA. Pearson.
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Hominins

Fuentes, Augustin. (2007). Core Concepts in Biological Anthropology. New York, NY. Mcgraw Hill.
Hartwig, Walter C. 2002. The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge. The University Press.
Johanson, Donald & Edgar, Blake: principle photography by David Brill. (2006). From Lucy to Language. New York NY. Simon and Schuster.
Stanford, Craig, Allen, John S., & Anton, Susan C. (2006). Biological Anthropology – The Natural History of Humankind. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall.